Social Science Journal for Advanced Research

Analysing Cost Structures in Cooperative Sugar Mills with Varying Product Lines: Evidence from Exploratory Factor Analysis

Aparna Das — 2025-07-28

This study applies Exploratory Factor Analysis to identify the multi-dimensional cost factors influencing the performance of cooperative sugar mills in Maharashtra, operating under varying product configurations — including sugar-only production, sugar with rectified spirit, and sugar with both rectified spirit and fuel ethanol. Drawing on structured secondary data across a ten-year period, the analysis extracts key components related to cost efficiency, capacity utilisation, production orientation, and distillery performance. These components together explain over 73 percent of the total variance in cost, offering a clearer understanding of the complex cost structures in these mills. The findings provide insights for operational restructuring and policy interventions aimed at enhancing the economic efficiency of the sector.

Folklore and Public Memory: The Great Earthquake of 1950 in Assam with Special Reference to the Misings

Jutika Patir — 2025-07-28

The Great Assam Earthquake of 1950 was not only a geological catastrophe but also a profound cultural event for the indigenous communities of Assam. This paper explores how the Mising community, one of the largest indigenous groups in the region, memorializes the earthquake through oral traditions, including folk songs (oi: nitom), ritual narratives, and communal storytelling. Drawing from cultural trauma theory and vernacular historiography, the study highlights how these oral forms function as repositories of historical memory and tools for cultural resilience. The paper argues that folklore in the Mising context preserves both ecological knowledge and emotional truth, offering alternative modes of witnessing disaster that challenge state-centric historical narratives.

Caste System in Changing India

Somya Meher — 2025-07-28

Every country has certain social and historical roots that lead to one group being discriminated against by another. This division differs from place to place and may be caste, race, ethnicity, religion, or gender, and it is often deeply integrated with the mainstream societal institutions and attitudes. In ancient India, the caste system developed through the Varna system, where those who were born into higher castes were Brahmins or Kshatriyas, and those born into lower castes, especially Dalit’s or untouchables, faced different kinds of discrimination, exclusion, and limited access to resources and opportunities. Historically, India is a diverse country where different castes, religions, cultures, and languages exist. The caste system refers to a social practice that defined rules, restrictions and activities for each group based on their practices of occupation and social status. In Indian society, caste is determined by birth. That means an individual is born into the caste of their parents and remains in that class their whole life. The main objective of this paper is to analyse efficient understanding about the historical background of the caste system in India and changes taken in this framework. Although the Indian constitution provides constitutional and legal reform for caste-based discrimination and provides reservations in education and jobs, birth still determines caste identity. Caste continues to influence social practices, politics and access to resources and education, especially in rural areas.

The Paik System in Ahom Society: A Socio-Economic Study

Mayouri Nath — 2025-07-28

In the early 13^th century, the Tai-Shan people, ancestors of the Ahoms, entered the eastern Brahmaputra Valley from Upper Burma and Yunnan. They ruled Assam for more than 600 years, establishing a strong kingdom through effective governance with cultural assimilation. Central to their administrative and socio-economic structure was the Paik system—an indigenous labour and military framework that enabled the Ahoms to mobilize manpower for both civil and military purposes. This paper explores how the system influenced the lives of ordinary people through collective labour, land distribution, and shared responsibilities. It examines the internal organization of paiks into units such as gots and khels and their classification into Chamua, Kanri, and professional khels, highlighting the embedded social hierarchy, privilege, or restrictions. The relationship between the state and the paiks is analysed in terms of land rights, mobility, and influence over local officials. While the system fostered community cohesion, interdependence, and a sense of unity, it also imposed constraints on personal economic freedom and social mobility, revealing a structure marked by both solidarity and stratification.

Age Dynamics and Power Relations in Love and Arranged Marriages: A Comparative Study

Panchal Maulik Krushnalal — 2025-07-28

This study explores the comparative age dynamics in love and arranged marriages, focusing on how age groups influence marital stability and power relations. Based on a quantitative survey of 400 respondents across Ahmedabad, Baroda, Rajkot, and Surat, the research analyzes the age distribution patterns among divorced couples. Results reveal that early divorces (ages 21–25) are more prevalent in arranged marriages, while middle-aged divorces (ages 36–40) are also higher in arranged settings. In contrast, love marriages show a relatively lower rate of divorce in older age groups. The study uses statistical tools including percentage analysis, mean, mode, and standard deviation.

Exploring the Motivations for Social Media Use among Tribal Women in North Gujarat: A Sociological Analysis

Dhanula Anjli Dharmendrakumar — 2025-07-28

In recent years, the reach of digital technology has extended into India’s most remote and socio-economically disadvantaged regions. Among the key demographic groups entering the digital fold are tribal women, whose engagement with platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube represents a significant shift in patterns of communication, knowledge access, and identity formation (Gurumurthy & Chami, 2014). However, despite the growing relevance of this trend, scholarly attention to the motivations behind their social media usage remains limited.

Social media, as framed by Castells (2011), is a powerful agent of social change, enabling new forms of networked individualism and collective identity. For tribal women in North Gujarat—historically excluded from mainstream educational and economic systems—the mobile phone and internet offer not only connection but also a sense of visibility and voice (Sundar, 2020). Their motivations for engaging with social media are deeply embedded in their socio-cultural realities, encompassing a desire for inclusion, expression, learning, and economic participation.

From a sociological perspective, the use of social media among tribal women is not merely a digital phenomenon but also a reflection of broader structural shifts in gender roles, rural development, and technological penetration (Jain & Kurane, 2018). Whether as learners, entrepreneurs, homemakers, or activists, tribal women are finding in social media a space for identity negotiation and aspiration formation.

This paper seeks to explore these motivations through a sociological lens, emphasizing how intersecting factors such as caste, tribe, gender, class, and location mediate digital behavior. By focusing on tribal women in North Gujarat, the study contributes to the evolving discourse on technology and society, offering insight into how social media is reshaping lived experiences on the periphery.

The Cause of Marital Separation in Love and Arranged Marriages: A Sociological Study of Ahmedabad, Surat, Rajkot, and Vadodara

Panchal Maulik Krushnalal — 2025-07-28

This study explores the sociological dimensions of marital stability in love and arranged marriages within four major metropolitan cities of Gujarat—Ahmedabad, Surat, Rajkot, and Vadodara. As Indian society undergoes rapid modernization, especially in urban areas, traditional marital norms are being redefined. This research aims to analyze the stability of marriages based on their mode of formation—love or arranged—and examine how factors such as communication, socio-economic background, family support, expectations, and cultural compatibility influence the longevity and satisfaction within these unions.

Using a mixed-method approach, the study collects both quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of 200 married individuals, equally divided between love and arranged marriages across the selected cities. Statistical tools and thematic analysis are employed to assess key indicators of marital stability such as emotional bonding, conflict resolution, mutual understanding, and divorce/separation rates.

Preliminary findings suggest that while love marriages offer higher initial compatibility and emotional intimacy, they are more vulnerable to external social and familial pressures. In contrast, arranged marriages benefit from stronger familial support and social acceptance, which often contribute to their stability over time despite initial adjustment challenges.

The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how urbanization, changing values, and individual agency impact marital outcomes in contemporary Gujarat. It also offers policy insights for family counseling services and social institutions in strengthening marital relationships and reducing separation rates.

The Role of Social Media in Empowering Tribal Women to Combat Human Trafficking: A Sociological Study of North Gujarat Tribal Region

Dhanula Anjli Dharmendrakumar — 2025-07-28

Human trafficking remains a severe socio-economic challenge in India, disproportionately affecting tribal women due to systemic marginalization, poverty, and lack of awareness. This study examines the transformative role of social media in empowering tribal women in the North Gujarat tribal region—particularly in districts like Banaskantha, Sabarkantha, and Aravalli—to resist and combat human trafficking. Through a sociological lens, the research explores how platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and YouTube are not only spreading awareness but also enabling collective action, reporting mechanisms, and access to legal aid and support networks. The study employs qualitative and quantitative methodologies including interviews, focus group discussions, and digital ethnography with tribal women, NGOs, and local authorities. It highlights that digital literacy and online networks are gradually fostering a sense of agency and resistance among tribal women. Social media, when supported by grassroots initiatives and state policy, emerges as a potential weapon in the fight against trafficking (Kaur, 2020; George & Sreelekha, 2022). This study offers insights for policymakers, social workers, and digital rights activists seeking to utilize technology for social justice and gender empowerment in tribal areas.

Educational Leadership and Its Role in Enhancing School Performance and Teacher Development in North West Haiti: A Literature-Based Review

Willy Lima — 2025-07-28

This paper investigates the role of educational leadership in improving school effectiveness and professional development of teachers in the North West Department of Haiti. Using a systematic literature review method, the study compiles findings from international and regional research to draw conclusions applicable to the Haitian context. The paper highlights how instructional, transformational, and distributed leadership practices contribute to the development of teachers and learning outcomes. Despite systemic challenges, this paper argues for strong leadership investment and localized initiatives such as professional learning communities. It concludes that strengthening educational leadership is fundamental to reversing underperformance and fostering sustainable improvements in the education system.

Influencer Driven Social Media as an Effective Marketing Strategy for Gen Z Consumers: A Bibliometric Review

Nidhi Bansal — 2025-07-28

The paper performs a bibliometric review of influencer driven social media as an effective marketing strategy for generation Z consumers with the objective of identifying the existing underlying themes of research and finding the underexplored research areas. A dataset of 181 research papers published in the last ten years was extracted from the SCOPUS database. Results show that research in the subject area is limited especially in the Indian context. Five research clusters were identified using co-occurrence analysis. These include relationship between parasocial interaction and influencer’s credibility on trustworthiness; relationship between branding, consumer engagement and consumer’s purchase intention; sustainability driven Marketing and Consumer Engagement; immersive marketing and psychological well-being of the users. It is observed that there is a need for development of a comprehensive conceptual model which relates the direct and moderating variables affecting the Generation Z consumer’s purchase intentions. Gaps also exist in the research on tourism, fashion products, food blogging and investment in financial products in context of social media marketing making them potential areas of research in future.

Diversity, Religious Significance and Nutritional Potential of Traditional Cereals and Millets in the Indian Himalayan Region

Laxmi — 2025-07-28

The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), with its diverse agroecological zones and rich cultural heritage, supports a unique integration of agriculture and spirituality. This study explores the distribution and religious applications of 11 traditional crops of IHR which includes seven millets and four cereal species. These grains, belonging to the Poaceae family, play significant roles in traditional ceremonies, seasonal festivals, and Tantric practices, symbolizing fertility, prosperity, and cosmic balance. The study, based on revisionary surveys, documents their altitudinal adaptability across tropical to temperate zones and emphasizes their ritualistic use in Hindu customs such as weddings, naming ceremonies, and ancestral rites. Nutritional analysis reveals their rich composition, especially in antioxidants, fibers, and essential minerals, with species like Eleusine coracana and Sorghum bicolor offering notable health benefits. The study underscores the grains’ dual role as nutritional staples and cultural artifacts, advocating for the preservation of this ethno-agricultural knowledge amid modern shifts in food systems and cultural practices.

An Article on Global Marketing Strategies in Current Era

Rajesh Kumar Pandey — 2025-07-28

Marketing is an essential function at the Organisations, furthermore if it is an MNCs then product & organisational branding matters. There are several strategies that MNCs deploy in order to tackle the international market. The atmosphere differs from domestic set up, hence the strategies also require definite approach. The global marketing strategies refer to a business's overall activity plan for reaching prospective international consumers and turning them into customers of their products or services. Global marketing requires a deep understanding of different cultures, values, and consumer behaviors. The Market Oriented Organisations shall operate on the marketing strategies which revolves more around the fundamental of Product offering & Customer service. Establishing segment synergies & segment invasion in the global set up attract core competence of the MNCs.

The article on Global Marketing Strategies is a descriptive study conducted by the help of secondary data. The authors have collected best practice adopted by the selected MNCs towards Global marketing strategies. The authors aim to understand the concept of Global Marketing. The authors further aims to study the significance of Global Marketing Strategies for Multinational Corporations. The study recommends best practices pertaining to the Global Marketing Strategies adopted by leading MNCs. The study encompasses the domain of marketing strategies with special reference to global atmosphere. The inferences recorded & presented are limited to the understanding & observation of the authors. The understanding gathered from the paper shall add to the existing literature on global marketing strategies.

Effect of Water Pollution on Public Health, in Bassin Bleu a small community in the Northwest of Haiti

Omulda Lima Guerrier — 2025-07-28

The study attempted to determine the level of water pollution and to examine how Water Pollution affects Public Health in Bassin Bleu, a small community in the northwest of Haiti because Water pollution is a significant problem that requires special attention to deal with the emerging water crisis. This study aims to determine the effect of water pollution on public health in Bassin Bleu. A total of 35 questionnaires were distributed, 20 were collected. The results revealed that the participants are not satisfied with the quality of water provided in their community; they stated sediments, trash, and chemicals contaminate the drinking water. By given the importance of potable water for health, which is essential in providing the best quality of the community, several suggestions are made.

This investigation aimed to determine the level of vulnerability of the inhabitants of Bassin Bleu to the effects of water pollution. Data were collected in the area setting through a questionnaire.

We can realize that none of the participants are satisfied with the quality of water provided in their community. The polluted water has led to the spread of certain dangerous infectious diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, kidney problem in the area. Therefore, it is necessary to make interventions with the participation of the population to bring lasting solutions for the wellbeing of the community.

A Statistical Analysis of Medical Facilities in Satara District: Geographical Study

Sushil S Yadav — 2025-07-28

This study presents a comprehensive statistical analysis of medical facilities provided by Government in Satara district, aiming to provide insights into the healthcare infrastructure and accessibility in the geographical region. The Satara district is a located in the state of Maharashtra, India, encompasses diverse geographical and demographic characteristics, making it imperative to understand the distribution and adequacy of medical resources. Key Statistical Indicators such as the number of healthcare facilities per capita, bed capacity, availability of medical staff, and infrastructure are analyzed to assess the overall healthcare provision in Satara district. Moreover, the study evaluates the geographical distribution of medical facilities to identify potential gaps and disparities in healthcare access, particularly in rural and remote areas. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights for healthcare policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders to formulate targeted interventions and policies aimed at enhancing the quality and accessibility of healthcare services in Satara district. By addressing the identified gaps and leveraging existing resources effectively, it is envisaged that the overall health outcomes and well-being of the population in Satara district can be significantly improved. It will be fide out the role of medical facilities in human development index.

Emerging Dynamics of Dissent in Indian Democracy: A Critical Perspective

Menon C Bhagyasree — 2025-07-28

India, a democratic nation, prioritizes the welfare and development of its citizens. To ensure this well-being and achieve the comprehensive development of every individual residing within its borders, the Constitution grants various rights. Among these, fundamental rights hold the utmost significance. These rights are essential for the well-being of individuals and serve as the cornerstone for the overall development of Indian democracy. While certain fundamental rights apply exclusively to Indian citizens, the majority extend to all individuals residing in India.
The rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution are crucial for the development of both individuals and the nation. The suppression of any of these rights negatively impacts growth. In contemporary Indian society, several of these rights are being stifled, with the Right to Dissent—protected under Article 19—being particularly vital. The Right to Dissent allows individuals to express differing or opposing views regarding the policies and ideologies of the current government. This right is fundamental to the progress of a democratic nation; its suppression can ultimately threaten the very foundation of democracy itself.
This paper addresses the growing suppression of the right to dissent and the various challenges individuals encounter as a consequence. It examines the current state of dissent in Indian society, analyzing the underlying factors that contribute to this phenomenon and offering potential solutions. Recognizing the significance of this issue, the study utilizes secondary sources and aims to mitigate the negative impact of this suppression on individuals and the nation overall.

Swami Vivekananda's Perspective on Women and Womanhood

Satrajit Banerjee — 2025-07-28

Swami Vivekananda, following the path of his master Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa Dev, dedicated his life to the service of humanity. Learning the essence of spirituality from his Guru, Vivekananda realized that all human beings are the embodiment of the one supreme power, and each soul is part of the one and absolute soul or ‘paramatma’. Hence, he believed that women are not frail and feeble beings, and are linked to the Paramatma. They have the similar capability as men. The prohibitive and suppressive measures prevalent in the social structure had been restricting the full-fledged development of women. Especially, nineteenth-century India was infested with a number of regressive customs and social practices. Women were the worst sufferers of most of the social maladies. With the introduction of colonial rule in India, a group of young and educated people felt the need to reform society. Under the sway of modernity in Colonial India, the enlightened people took the mission of rejuvenating the orthodox and stagnant social order. And some of them relied heavily on spirituality for the regeneration of society by abolishing certain age-old practices. It was evident that the women were more susceptible to the conservative social dictums. But the social reformers of the nineteenth century had rightly observed that a nation could not prosper without the enrichment and growth of women. Likewise, Vivekananda took initiatives to uplift the condition of women by promoting female education and developing an image of womanhood for preserving the rights and dignity of women.

Exploring User Perception and Trust in Generative AI Applications: A Primary Study among Indian Consumers

Vrushali Yadavrao Ahire — 2025-07-28

The rapid proliferation of generative AI technologies—such as ChatGPT, DALL·E, and other language or image generation tools—has brought forth new dimensions in human-computer interaction. As these technologies become increasingly embedded in daily life, understanding user perception and trust becomes critical, especially in a diverse and rapidly digitizing country like India. This study aims to explore how Indian consumers perceive generative AI applications, assess the level of trust they place in such tools, and identify factors influencing their usage decisions. Using a structured questionnaire and a sample of 400 respondents across varied demographics, the research examines users' awareness, perceived reliability, ethical concerns, and overall trust in generative AI. The findings indicate that while there is a growing curiosity and adoption, trust is significantly influenced by the transparency of AI processes, data privacy concerns, and the perceived authenticity of AI-generated content. This study offers valuable insights for developers, policymakers, and marketers seeking to foster responsible and user-aligned AI integration.

Growth of Agricultural Labourers in Colonial India

Vijaya Rajni — 2025-07-28

This paper examines the emergence and expansion of agricultural labour as a significant occupational category during colonial India. Agricultural labourers are typically defined as landless or near-landless individuals who earn the majority of their income by working on land owned by others. The study traces the trends in the size, growth, and regional distribution of this category and explores the underlying causes of its expansion.

Scholarly debates on this subject offer contrasting perspectives. One group of scholars attributes the growth of agricultural labourers to colonial policies that led to de-industrialization, land alienation, de-tribalization, and the breakdown of traditional village economies—factors that pushed a large number of people into wage labour. On the other hand, some researchers question the accuracy of colonial census data and challenge the extent of the reported increase, calling for a more critical interpretation of available sources.

Despite these differing viewpoints, the overall evidence indicates a significant rise in the number of agricultural labourers during the colonial period, driven largely by structural changes imposed by colonial rule.

Usefulness of Mobile in Changing Social Environment

Jagdeep Sharma — 2025-07-28

The present society has become a web of cell phones rather than social relations. Its usefulness and impact can be gauged from the fact that between the year 2000 and the present time, the use of cell phones in India has become quite popular, starting from the upper classes of the society to the lowest classes, in government and non-government institutions, among the elderly and children alike. This popularity, prevalence and use has established the mobile phone as an important link to connect the society on one hand, while on the other hand it has also become a matter of concern for the society. Today there are about 27 crore mobile phone users in India. Every fourth person in India has a mobile phone. According to an estimate, 10 thousand mobile sets are being sold every hour in India. Recently, India has left America behind in terms of the number of mobile phone users. Now only China is ahead of India. On an average, a family in India has more than one mobile phone. There was a time when mobile phone meant only that it could be used to make and receive calls, although even then it was a wonder because one could go anywhere with it in hand. But now the use of mobile phone has changed. Now it is not just a means to make or receive calls but it works as many electronic gadgets simultaneously. Ultimately, the meaning is that when we use any thing more than required, it also has a greater impact on us. Whether we use mobile phone less or more, it also affects our social life. If we try to know the psychological effect, then every section of the society feels stress due to mobile phone. Sometimes due to unnecessary SMS and sometimes due to untimely calls, because we cannot always be ready for any information.

Aging and Life Satisfaction in Social Context: Family Home versus Old-Age Home

Jagdeep Sharma — 2025-07-28

With rapid population ageing, understanding the determinants of life satisfaction in later life is essential for policy and practice. Residential setting—aging in place (own home) versus institutional residence (old-age homes)—is frequently assumed to shape well-being, yet evidence is mixed and often confounded by health and socioeconomic selection. To compare life satisfaction between older adults living in their own homes and those residing in old-age homes, and to examine the extent to which differences are explained by health status, social support, autonomy, and quality of care. We recruited total 300 participants (age 60 years and above) from urban areas of district Moradabad and Amroha (150 from those living in old age-homes and 150 those living in their own family home). Life Satisfaction Scale of Alam & Dr. Ramji Srivastava was used to assess the level of participants’ satisfaction with life. The findings of this study revealed that the mean scores of elders living in family home is significantly higher than those living in their old-age home, regarding the overall life satisfaction (t= 5.85; ρ < .01). Gender difference was found significant for only those who live in their family home, not for those who live in old-age home.